Quick Facts:

Group classification: Toy
Country of origin: Mexico
Date of origin: 1850
Weight (M): 2-6 pounds
Height (M): 6-9 inches
Weight (F): 2-6 pounds
Height (F): 6-9 inches
Life expectancy: 15 years

At two to six pounds, the Chihuahua is the smallest breed registered with the American Kennel Club. Most of these dogs are between six and eight inches tall, with a body a little longer than it is tall. The Chihuahua is fine-boned, but muscular, and its head is made distinctive because of its rounded shape. The dog has large eyes and big ears that stand upright when alert. The Chihuahua’s muzzle is on the short side and slightly pointed. Its tail is fairly long and carried up, curved toward the back. The dogs have soft, shiny, and short coats on the body, but little coat on the head and ears.

Temperament

Chihuahuas are alert and have qualities similar to terriers, which means they have been called “grumpy” and easily provoked and temperamental. While not always appropriate for homes with young children, the dog is perfect for the elderly or individuals who have the time to pamper their pets and who live in small quarters on limited incomes. The Chihuahua is curious, affectionate, and loyal. The dog is also convenient to have as a companion because of its small size – it can be taken almost anywhere and usually enjoys itself greatly on any outing. Chihuahuas like other dogs of its own breed, but tend to dislike dogs of other breeds.  The official AKC standard for the breed describes the Chihuahua as “A graceful, alert, swift-moving little dog with saucy expression, compact, and with terrier-like qualities of temperament.” However, some Chihuahuas carry “saucy” and “terrier-like” to extremes and are grumpy, haughty, or downright nasty when provoked – and provocation may come easy.

Health and Care

Chihuahuas need much human interaction and should be petted often. They thrive on attention and love.  Chihuahuas need a high-protein, meaty dog food provided in three small meals each day instead of in one big meal. The dog’s coat should be brushed periodically with a soft brush; if the dog has long hair, it should be brushed every day. The dogs need to be bathed once a month, but care should be taken to keep water out of the ears to avoid infection.  Chihuahuas can live to be very old – up to 18 years - and are generally healthy, but they are susceptible to some genetic diseases, including knee injuries and fractures, eye problems, heart disease, and dental problems. The dogs should not be permitted to jump from high places, since they may break a leg. When the dog is excited or feeling stressed, it will shiver or tremble. This is not a cause for concern, since it is believed that toy breeds have higher metabolisms and dissipate body heat at a faster rate than larger dogs. However, Chihuahuas must always be protected from cold weather by wearing a coat or sweater.

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